![]() user programs file system intermachine network communication device manager and device drivers real-time clock manager interprocess communication process coordinator process manager memory manager hardware Xinu Ħ Internal Structure: Monolithic vs. device drivers hardwareģ Example: Windows NT User mode Integral subsystemsĪpplication POSIX Application OS/2 Application User mode Integral subsystems Environment subsystems Workstation service Server service Security Win 32 POSIX OS/2 Kernel mode Executive Executive Services I/O Manager Security Refernce Monitor IPC Manager Virtual Memory Manager (VMM) Process Manager PnP Manager Power Manager Window Manager GDI Object Manager Kernel mode drivers Microkernel Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Hardware ![]() ![]() External Structure Operating System Interfaces System Calls Device Drivers Internal Structure: Layering and Monolithic Kernels Alternative Structures: Microkernels Exokernels and Library Operating SystemsĪpplications programs/ processes system call interface scheduler file system kernel memory manager etc.
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